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1.2.1 Roofing and wall material In India, corrugated galvanized iron (GI) sheets are usually adopted as coverings for roofs and sides of industrial buildings. Light gauge cold-formed ribbed steel or aluminium decking can also be used. Sometimes asbestos cement (AC) sheets are also provided as roof coverings owing top their superior insulating properties.   1.2.4 Purlins, Girts and Eave strut Secondary structural members such as purlins and girts span the distance between the primary building structures portal frames or truss-column system). They support the roof and wall covering and distribute the external load to the main frames or trusses. Purlins form a part of the roof bracing system and girts are a part of the wall bracing system of the building. The third type of secondary structural member is the Eave strut. This member is located at the intersection of the roof and the exterior wall and hence acts as both the first purlin and the last (highest) girt. The building’s eave he...
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The Accounting Equation:the balance sheet equation

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The Accounting Equation:the balance sheet equation The Value of the business is the value of its assets less the value of its liabilities and this value belongs to the owners of the business: The Owners fund must also equal the amount the owners have put into the business (Capital) less any amounts they have taken out (Drawings) plus any profit. For the time being we assume the business is profitable. We add   to both sides to remove the minus signs.  We call items on the left hand side Debits and items on the right hand side Credits. Then: In order that this equation holds we must also ensure that a loss is on the opposite side to a profit and therefore a loss is a debit. Note that items of income increase profit so they are also credits, while expenses decrease profit and are therefore debits. When to Debit, when to Credit? [ edit ] The Value of the business is the value of its assets less the value of its liabilities and this value...
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Accounting Operations: Credit & Debit(GOLDEN RULE OF DOUBLE ACCOUNTING)

Accounting Operations: Credit & Debit(GOLDEN RULE OF DOUBLE ACCOUNTING)  Accounting has indeed two and two only operations: Credit & Debit. Traditionally we always say "Debit & Credit" and we always put "Debits" to the "left" (of a page) and "Credits" to the "right" (of a page). But causally speaking, the act which the operation "Credit" captures comes first: because Credit shows the source of the Capital, while Debit shows to what the capital has been transformed before. That's why "A Debit must always equal the corresponding Credit". Suppose now that the company's Board of Directors, after receiving the cash from the shareholders, decides to spend it in order to buy new productive equipment, striking a deal with a supplier to pay him or her after 60 days from purchasing the equipment. In order to reflect this transaction we need to record two different Accounting Entries. A) The purcha...
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